Astragalus
The ancient Chinese immune tonic that may support telomere health and longevity
Also known as: Astragalus membranaceus • Huang Qi • Milk Vetch
Overview
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) is one of the most important herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it has been used for over 2,000 years as a Qi (vital energy) tonic. Known as Huang Qi, it is classified as a superior herb — one that can be taken long-term for general health promotion. Modern research has identified its key active compounds: astragalosides (particularly Astragaloside IV), cycloastragenol, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. These compounds have demonstrated immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and potentially anti-aging properties. Perhaps most intriguingly, cycloastragenol (a metabolite of Astragaloside IV) has been shown to activate telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomere length — a key biomarker of cellular aging.
Key Benefits
Immune Modulation
Astragalus polysaccharides enhance both innate and adaptive immunity. They increase T-cell activity, natural killer cell function, and macrophage phagocytosis. Unlike echinacea, astragalus is an immune modulator (not just stimulant), making it safer for long-term use.
Telomere Support
Cycloastragenol activates telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomere length. Shorter telomeres are associated with aging and age-related diseases. While human longevity data is limited, this mechanism is scientifically compelling.
Cardiovascular Protection
Astragaloside IV has cardioprotective effects including reducing oxidative stress in heart tissue, improving cardiac output, and protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clinical trials show benefits for heart failure patients.
Anti-Fatigue & Adaptogenic
As a Qi tonic in TCM, astragalus combats fatigue and improves stamina. Clinical studies show improved exercise capacity and reduced fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue conditions.
Dosage & How to Take
500-1,500mg of standardized root extract daily, or 9-30g of raw root in decoction (TCM)
| Purpose | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| General immune support | 500-1,000mg extract daily | Standardized to 0.5% astragalosides |
| Anti-aging / telomere support | 5-25mg cycloastragenol | Isolated compound — expensive |
| Cardiovascular support | 1,000-1,500mg extract daily | Higher dose for therapeutic use |
| TCM decoction | 9-30g dried root | Simmered in water for 30+ minutes |
Best Time to Take
Morning with food. In TCM, it's often taken as a tonic throughout the day.
With or Without Food
Best taken with meals
Forms & Bioavailability
| Form | Absorption | Best For | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized Extract | Good | General supplementation | Look for 0.5-1% astragalosides |
| Cycloastragenol (TA-65) | Good | Telomere support | Isolated compound, very expensive |
| Dried Root Slices | Moderate | TCM decoction/soup | Traditional preparation method |
| Polysaccharide Extract | Good | Immune support | Concentrated immune-active fraction |
Side Effects & Safety
Common
- Generally very well-tolerated
- Mild GI upset at high doses
Rare
- May increase effects of immunosuppressants
- Theoretical concern with autoimmune conditions
Contraindications
- Autoimmune diseases (use with caution)
- Post-organ transplant (immunosuppressive therapy)
- Acute infections (TCM tradition says to avoid during acute illness)
Interactions
May counteract immunosuppressive effects
May reduce lithium excretion
May have mild blood sugar lowering effect
Scientific Research
Telomerase Activation
Cycloastragenol (from astragalus) activated telomerase in human T-cells and reduced the percentage of short telomeres
Immune Enhancement
Astragalus polysaccharides significantly enhanced NK cell activity and T-cell proliferation in elderly subjects
Heart Failure
Astragalus injection improved cardiac output and exercise tolerance in heart failure patients as adjunct to standard therapy
Food Sources
Frequently Asked Questions
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications. The statements on this page have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.